The difference between super capacitors and ordinary capacitors

The specific differences and characteristics of super capacitors and ordinary capacitors:

1. It has a super-large capacitance of the Farad level, which is much larger than ordinary capacitors.

2. The power that can be released instantly is nearly ten times higher than that of ordinary batteries, and it will not be damaged.

3. The charging and discharging cycle life is more than 100,000 times, which is one of the great advantages. Traditional batteries can only be charged and discharged hundreds of times.

4. It can be used normally in an ambient temperature of 40 degrees to 60 degrees, and the performance of traditional batteries will be greatly reduced at low temperatures.

5. It has super charge retention ability, and the leakage is very small. The traditional battery needs to be charged frequently to maintain the state.

6. Fast charging, its speed is dozens of times faster than ordinary batteries, and it can be fully charged for a car in a few minutes.

7. It will not pollute the environment itself, and it is truly maintenance-free, while traditional batteries are still polluted.

But supercapacitors have two fatal shortcomings:

One is that its size is relatively large, and its storage capacity is smaller than that of a battery of the same size.

The second is that even if it reaches Farah-level power, it is still pitiful compared to traditional batteries. According to the current technology, it still cannot be used as the main power storage device for electric power, because its power can only drive the vehicle for a few kilometers.

Supercapacitors have a much larger capacity than normal capacitors . Because of its large capacity, its external performance is the same as that of batteries, so it is also called " capacitor battery ".

Supercapacitors belong to electric double layer capacitors . It is the largest type of electric double layer capacitors that have been put into mass production in the world. The basic principle is the same as other types of electric double layer capacitors, which are composed of activated carbon porous electrodes and electrolytes. The electric double layer structure obtains a large capacity.

Features of super capacitors:

(1) The charging speed is fast, charging for 10 seconds to 10 minutes can reach more than 95% of its rated capacity;

(2) The cycle life is long, the number of deep charge and discharge cycles can reach 10,000 to 500,000 times, and there is no "memory effect";

(3) Super high current discharge capacity, high energy conversion efficiency, small process loss, high current energy cycle efficiency ≥ 90%;

(4) High power density, up to 300W/KG~5000W/KG, equivalent to 5~10 times that of batteries;

(5) The raw material composition, production, use, storage and dismantling process of the product are free of pollution, which is an ideal green power source;

(6) The charging and discharging circuit is simple, no charging circuit like a rechargeable battery is needed, the safety factor is high, and the long-term use is maintenance-free;

(7) Good ultra-low temperature characteristics, wide temperature range -40℃～+70℃;

(8) The detection is convenient, and the remaining power can be directly read out;

(9) The capacity range is usually 0.1F--1000F.

Farah, referred to as "law", the symbol is F

1 farad is when the capacitor stores 1 coulomb of electricity, the potential difference between the two plates is 1 volt 1F=1C/1V

1 Coulomb is the amount of electricity transported by a 1A current in 1s, that is, 1C=1A·S.

1 coulomb = 1 ampere second

1 farad = 1 ampere-second/volt

Make an analogy:

The discharge capacity of the battery (battery) at 12 volts and 14 amps = 14*3600/12=4200 Farads (F)

The capacitance value of the earth is only about 1-2F

Compared with batteries, super capacitors have the following characteristics:

a. Ultra-low series equivalent resistance, the power density is dozens of times that of lithium-ion batteries, suitable for high-current discharge, (a 4.7F capacitor can release more than 18A of instantaneous current).

b. Super long life, charging and discharging more than 500,000 times, which is 500 times that of batteries and 1,000 times that of Ni-MH and Ni-Cd batteries. If the super capacitor is charged and discharged 20 times a day, it can be used continuously for 68 years.

c. It can be charged with high current, the charging and discharging time is short, the requirements for the charging circuit are simple, and there is no memory effect.

d. Maintenance-free, can be sealed.

e. Wide temperature range -40℃～+70℃, general battery is -20℃～60℃.

Previously primarily used in high-power power supplies and large industrial and consumer power equipment, ultracapacitors are now finding a place in products of all sizes, especially portable devices. Ultracapacitors are known around the world for capacitance values in the thousands of farads and fast charge and discharge rates.

The supercapacitor behaves more like a battery than a standard capacitor due to its ability to store large amounts of electrical energy for long periods of time. In fact, as technology advances, they will replace rechargeable batteries in many products, from computers, digital cameras , cell phones, and other handheld devices.